Функції адміністративного права

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено комплексному дослідженню функцій адміністративного права та їх реалізації відповідно до широкого підходу розуміння адміністративного процесу. Розглянуто поняття, ознаки, види та засоби реалізації спеціально-соціальних та загальносоціальних функцій адміністративного права у їх взаємозв’язку та співвідношенні з розумінням функцій права як загальнотеоретичної категорії юриспруденції. Виділено періоди розвитку уявлень про досліджуване поняття, визначено їх особливості, що характеризуються відмінностями розуміння функцій адміністративного права залежно від розуміння предмета правого регулювання цієї галузі права. Сформульовано авторські поняття реалізації функцій цієї галузі права. Проаналізовано проблеми, запропоновано відповідні зміни до законодавства для забезпечення ефективності реалізації регулятивної та охоронної функцій адміністративного права. У результаті проведеного дослідження сформульовано низку висновків, пропозицій, рекомендацій щодо удосконалення та підвищення ефективності реалізації функцій адміністративного права в сучасній Україні.

The dissertation is devoted to the complex study of Administrative Law functions and their implementation in accordance with a broad approach of administrative process understanding. A concept, attributes, types, and means of special-social and general social functions of Administrative Law implementation in their interrelation and correlation with the understanding of the functions of law as the general theoretical category of jurisprudence have been considered. The periods of the development of ideas about the investigated concept have been distinguished that are 1) pre-revolutionary or imperial; 2) post-revolutionary or Soviet; 3) Ukrainian stage (after Ukraine gained its independence), their peculiarities have been characterized, which are characterized by differences in understanding of the functions of administrative law depending on the understanding of the subject of legal regulation of this branch of law. The concept of “a function of Administrative Law” determines the social purpose and directions of influence of this branch of law on social relations, which it regulates and protects. A regulative function of Administrative Law is defined as the direction of its influence, which is to establish the rights and duties of participants in public relations that are the subject of its legal regulation. It has the following attributes: 1) it is empowering, because it “empowers” participants of administrative-legal relations by their rights, freedoms, and duties; 2) it has a guiding character, because by giving rights and freedoms to participants of administrative-legal relations it directs their choice; 3) it has a modeling character, because by giving duties to participants of administrative-legal relations it forms the model of the necessary variant of their behavior; 4) its determinant content has elements of preventive nature. A protective function of Administrative Law is defined as the direction of its influence, which has a preventive, suspensive, restorative, ensuring the bringing to administrative liability and imposition of administrative punishment. Its attributes include: 1) the permanence of the preventive influence on public relations, which are the subject of legal regulation of this field of law; 2) the situational nature of the involvement of coercive, restorative and terminating influence on subjects of public relations, which are the subject of legal regulation of this branch of law; 3) the specific nature of ensuring administrative liability; 4) the possibility of variability in the application of influence measures and administrative penalties depending on the age criterion of a subject of an administrative offence. General social functions of Administrative Law are its regulative and protective directions of influence on public relations in general and their economic, political and socio-cultural spheres in particular, in accordance with the economic-political level, ethical and moral standards and norms existing at a certain stage of the historical development of a society. The general social functions of Administrative Law have the following attributes: 1) they are the directions of regulative and protective influence of Administrative Law on economic, political and socio-cultural relations; 2) they have the character of service of economic, political and socio-cultural relations; 3) they have the character of managerial influence on economic, political and socio-cultural relations; 4) they have the national character of the influence of ideologically forming nature on socially acceptable standards in economic, political and socio-cultural spheres; 5) they are an “external” reflection of the specifically separated influence of the regulative and protective functions of Administrative Law on economic, political and socio-cultural relations; 6) they are implemented simultaneously with the regulative or protective functions of Administrative Law in regulating or protecting economic, political, socio-cultural relations; 7) they have the means of their implementation not economic, political or socio-cultural norms, but regulative and protective norms of Administrative Law in the corresponding economic, political and socio-cultural spheres. The subtypes of general social functions of Administrative Law are economic, political and socio-cultural functions. A concept of this branch of law functions implementation has been formulated. Issues have been analyzed and appropriate changes to the legislation have been suggested to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of the regulative and protective functions of Administrative Law. As a result of the research, a number of conclusions, suggestions, recommendations to improve the efficiency of the implementation of Administrative Law functions in modern Ukraine have been formulated.