Психологічні чинники виникнення депресії у військовослужбовців

Abstract

У статті описано психологічні чинники виникнення депресії у військовослужбовців. Визначено основні компоненти виникнення та прояву депресії військовослужбовців. Досліджено загальний рівень схильності до депресії військових та виявлено рівень розвитку виділених чинників депресії. За отриманими результатами проведеного експериментального дослідження надано практичні рекоменлації війським щодо зниженя рівня виникнення та прояву депресії серед військовослужбовців.

В статье описано факторы возникновения депрессии у военнослужащих. Определены основные компоненты возникновения и проявления депрессии военнослужащих. Исследовано общий уровень склонности к депрессии военных и выявлен уровень развития выделенных факторов депрессии. По полученным результатам проведенного экспериментального исследования даны практические рекомендации военнослужащим по снижению уровня возникновения и проявления депрессии среди военнослужащих.

In the context of the dramatic changes and crises that Ukrainian society is experiencing, problems that are associated with significant changes in a person's personal sphere, in particular, his emotional and sensual sphere, are brought to the forefront of scientific thought. Special attention is paid to the professional activity of military personnel, since the formation of the emotional-sensual sphere of the latter is determined by the specific conditions of his professional activity, which is associated with the constant experience of emotional stress. Purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate and experimental study of the psychological factors of depression in servicemen. Achieving this goal was carried out in several stages, where it was first necessary to identify the psychological factors of depression in military personnel, the purpose of the second task was to study the degree of psychological factors of depression in the investigated, the third stage aimed at preventing the emergence of depression in the future. Methods A number of adapted psychodiagnostic techniques were used to address the tasks of detecting depression propensity in military personnel: the A. Beck Depression Scale Questionnaire; V.A. Zhmurov's technique "Differential diagnosis of depressive states"; Leonhard - Shmyshek questionnaire "Types of accentuation"; methodology "Determination of emotional stability of personality" B.I. Dodonov. Originality work is that they can be used in the prevention or correction of depression in military personnel. The materials of the research can be used by military psychologists in the preparation of conscripts for long-term service. Also, the results of the diploma work can be used by psychologists when working with servicemen who are depressed as a result of being in the war zone. Conclusion the dominant factor in the occurrence of depression in military personnel is the personality-typological characteristics of the individual. It is revealed that the presence of a certain level of manifestation of the types of accentuation we have identified, determines the appropriate way of cognitive activity and behavioral reactions to certain stressful situations that lead to depression in servicemen. The higher the level of affective-behavioral and cognitive activity criterion combined with the low level of personality and typological criteria, the lower the likelihood of depression in the military, and vice versa. The experimental research we conducted does not exhaust all aspects of our study. We see the prospects of further searches in studying the directions of psychological support of servicemen who have a direct connection with the emotional and sensual sphere of personality.